(1) Hand Plane. A plane is a finishing tool used for smooth surfaces (Figure 2-25). It consists of a wood or iron stock or a combination of the two, with the cutting edge projecting from a slot on the underside. The cutter inclines backward and has a chip breaker in front to dispense the shavings. The plane is light and easy to use in finishing and bringing wood down to the desired thickness. Hold the plane with both hands and, with long strokes push it away from you.

(2) Block Plane. This is the smallest plane (Figure 2-26). It varies in length from 3 1/2 to 7 1/2 inches and can be used easily with one hand. Primarily, it is used for planing end grain or across the grain of wood. No chip breaker is needed to break the shavings because there are no shavings when planing across the grain.

(3) Smoothing Plane. The smoothing plane is a short, finely set plane, which averages 12 inches in length (Figure 2-27). It is used for finishing uneven surfaces.

(4) Jointer Plane. This plane is the largest of the plane family (Figure 2-28). It varies in length from 20 to 24 inches. The great length of this plane makes it possible to smooth a large surface or to make the edge of a board true so that two such surfaced areas will fit closely together.

(1) Sharpening Plane Bits. The length of the plane determines the straightness of the cut. If you keep your plane bits sharp, they will produce a true and smooth surface. To get the best service from your planes, the bit should be ground and honed properly. When grinding and honing plane bits, the same rules apply as for wood chisels. The cutting edge should be straight on jointer-, smoothing-, and block-plane bits and slightly curved on jack-plane bits.

(2) Using and Storing A Plane. Satisfactory results from a plane depend on how it is used. On the forward stroke, hold the plane flat on the surface to be planed. On the return stroke, lift the back of the plane so that the cutting edge does not rub against the blade. When the plane is not in use, place it on its side. For storage, withdraw the blade into the body of the plane. This helps keep the cutting edge sharp.