a. Stove Bolts. Stove bolts are used mostly with small items of hardware. Roundhead or flathead stove bolts (Figure 1-46) range in length from 3/8 to 6 inches. They are used in light construction.

b. Machine Bolts. Machine bolts (Figure 1-47) are used in woodwork. They usually have square heads and square nuts. A metal washer is usually used under both the head and the nut. These washers prevent the head from embedding into the wood and keep the nut from tearing the wood fibers as it is turned. Two wrenches are required when tightening machine bolts.

c. Carriage Bolts. Carriage bolts are like machine bolts except for the heads, which are round (Figure 1-48). The shank of the carriage bolt has a square portion, which is drawn into the wood to prevent the bolt from turning as the nut is tightened. A washer is used under the nut, but not under the head of this bolt.

d. Toggle Bolts. Toggle bolts are used to fasten fixtures to hollow walls. The two types of toggle bolts are the pivot type and the spring-wing type. Both types have heads similar to those of ordinary wood screws. Both come in various sizes.